Secondary outcomes included maternal anxiety, quality of life, social support, parenting competence, and knowledge about child development. Primary outcomes were severity of maternal depression at 3 and 6 months measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and child socio-emotional development at 6 months measured by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Villages were randomized to receive LTP+ added to treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. A total of 774 depressed mothers aged 18–44 years with children aged 0–30 months old, were included. MethodsĪ cluster randomized control trial conducted from January 2014 to December 2015 across 120 villages in Karachi. This study tested the effectiveness of a manualized integrated parenting program Learning through Play Plus (LTP+) for maternal depression in Karachi, Pakistan. Rates of depression among Pakistani mothers are high, leading to poor developmental outcomes in their children.
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